Jamuna Bridge

Bangabandhu Bridge, usually called the Jamuna Multi-reason Bridge (Bengali: যমুনা বহুমুখী সেতু Jomuna Bohumukhi Setu) is an extension opened in Bangladesh in June 1998. It interfaces Bhuapur on the Jamuna River's east bank to Sirajganj on its west bank. It was the eleventh longest scaffold on the planet when developed in 1998[3] and presently the sixth longest extension in South Asia. It was built over the Jamuna River, one of the three noteworthy waterways of Bangladesh, and fifth biggest on the planet in release volume. 

The scaffold built up a key connection between the eastern and western parts of Bangladesh. It produces diverse advantages for the general population and, particularly, advances between provincial exchange the nation. Aside from fast development of products and traveler activity by street and rail, it encouraged transmission of power and petroleum gas, and mix of media transmission joins. The scaffold is on the Asian Highway and the Trans-Asian Railway which, when completely created, will give continuous universal street and railroad joins from southeast Asia through Central Asia to northwest Europe.

History of Construction:The stream Jamuna (Brahmaputra), alongside the lower stretch of the Padma (Ganges) separates Bangladesh into almost two equivalent parts. Up to this point all street and rail correspondence between the two sections of the nation has needed to depend on tedious ship benefits that were frequently disturbed due to safety issues. The requirement for an extension over the Jamuna River was felt, particularly by the general population living in northwestern Bangladesh, for quite a while. This apparent need did not go unnoticed by the approach producers. The general population and progressive governments ached to connect the relentless Jamuna and in this way incorporate the correspondence frameworks of the locale. 

Well known pioneer Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani initially raised the interest for development of the Bangabandhu Bridge at a political level in 1949. In the 1954 commonplace races of East Pakistan, the 21-point proclamation of the United Front contained an interest for the scaffold. On January 6, 1964, Mohammad Saifur Rahman, a part from Rangpur in the Provincial Assembly asked about government's expectations with respect to the development of a scaffold over the Jamuna. On July 11, 1966, Shamsul Haque, another part from Rangpur in a similar Assembly, moved a goals for the development of the extension and the house embraced it consistently. 

In like manner, a starter plausibility ponder was done in 1969 by Freeman Fox and Partners of UK. They prescribed a rail-cum-street connect close Sirajganj with an expected expense of $175 million. The evaluations were primer and a more point by point contemplate was suggested. Then again, in his deliver to the country over radio and TV on the eve of general decision in Pakistan in 1970, the Awami League pioneer Sheik Mujibur Rahman made reference to the development of Bangabandhu Bridge as a race promise of his gathering. Be that as it may, all endeavors were hindered because of political distress and freedom war. 

After Bangladesh achieved freedom in 1971, the new government openly expressed its goal in 1972 to build a scaffold over the Jamuna and budgetary arrangements were kept for the reason in the 1972-73 spending plan. On being welcomed by the Bangladesh government, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) financed a possibility contemplate through Nippon Koei Co. Ltd. in 1973 on the development of a street cum-rail connect over the Jamuna. 

The JICA think about, finished in 1976, reasoned that the Jamuna task would cost $683 million with a monetary rate of return (ERR) of just 2.6%. Taking into account that the task was not in fact and monetarily suitable, the legislature deserted it. The legislature resuscitated it in 1982 and authorized another examination to decide the possibility of exchanging flammable gas to western parts of the nation over the Jamuna. The examination inferred that an autonomous gas connector was not monetarily practical. Be that as it may, the advisors made an appraisal of the building possibility and cost of a joined street cum-gas transmission connect, which presented the idea of a multipurpose scaffold. It was evaluated that a 12-kilometer-long (7.5 mi) connect with three street paths would cost $420 million. Endless supply of the report, the bureau settled on a choice to make quick strides in quest for the undertaking. 

The Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge Authority (JMBA) was set up by a statute declared by the then President Hussain Muhammad Ershad on July 3, 1985 to actualize the undertaking. For assembly of local assets, another law was declared by which a Bangabandhu Bridge extra charge and collect were presented. A sum of Tk 5.08 billion was activated in the process till its nullification. 

In 1986, stage I achievability think about for the extension was completed when the site among Sirajganj and Bhuapur (Tangail) was observed to be the best. Somewhere in the range of 1987 and 1989, the stage II attainability contemplate was done when a street cum-rail-cum-control connect was discovered both financially and in fact practical. Financing courses of action were at last made with IDA, ADB and JBIC (once in the past known as OECF) of Japan by the administration of Bangladesh in 1992. Tenders were welcomed through universal offering for development contracts in 1993. Contracts for the extension, waterway preparing work and two methodology streets were granted in March 1994. The establishment stone of the extension was laid on April 10, 1994 by the then Prime Minister Begum Khaleda Zia. Physical usage of the undertaking initiated on October 15, 1994, and every one of the segments aside from gas transmission line were finished by June 1998. The extension was opened for activity on June 23, 1998 by the then Prime Minister Sheik Hasina the little girl of Bangabandhu Sheik Mujibur Rahman. 

Jamuna Multipurpose Bridge was developed by Hyundai Heavy Industries[citation needed] at an expense of $696 million.[5] The expense was shared by IDA, ADB, OECD, and the legislature of Bangladesh. Of the aggregate, IDA, ADB and OECD provided $200 million each through a credit with 1% ostensible interest,[5] and the rest of the $96 million was borne by Bangladesh.[5] 

The primary scaffold is 5.63 km long with 47 fundamental ranges of around 100 meters and two end ranges of roughly 65 meters. Associated with the extension are east and west methodology viaducts each with 12 ranges of 10 meter length and change ranges of 8 meters. The aggregate width of the extension deck is 18.5 meters. 

The waterway crossing was intended to convey a double two-path carriageway, a double measure (expansive and meter) railroad, a high voltage (230 kV) electrical interconnector, media transmission links and a 750 mm distance across high weight gaseous petrol pipeline. The carriageways are 6.315 meters wide isolated by a 0.57 meter width focal boundary; the rail track is along the north side of the deck. On the primary extension, electrical interconnector arches are situated on sections cantilevered from the north side of the deck. Media transmission channels go through the case brace deck and the gas pipeline is under the south cantilever of the container area. The scaffold has been worked by Hyundai Engineering and Construction (Korea) as a 'structure and manufacture' contract. TY Lin Assoc. of San Francisco did the structure as a sub-temporary worker for Hyundai. The methodology streets were developed by Samwhan Corporation (Korea). 

Considering the way that the width of the primary channel does not surpass 3.5 km, and subsequent to considering surges, a scaffold length of 5 km was viewed as satisfactory. In October 1995, one year after the beginning of physical work, a scaffold length of 5.63 km, rather than a surge width of the stream at 14 km, was finished. This narrowing was basic to keep the general task cost inside financial practicality. It has, be that as it may, required extensive waterway preparing work to hold the stream under the scaffold