Chittagong (/tʃɪtəɡɒŋ/), formally known as Chattogram,[4] is a noteworthy beach front city and budgetary focus in southeastern Bangladesh. The city has a populace of in excess of 2.5 million[1] while the metropolitan territory had a populace of 4,009,423 out of 2011,[1] making it the second-biggest city in the nation. It is the capital of an eponymous District and Division. The city is situated on the banks of the Karnaphuli River between the Chittagong Hill Tracts and the Bay of Bengal. A lot of Chittagong Division is situated inside the biological Indo-Burma zone on the limit of the India Plate and Burma Plate. This makes Chittagong the junction of the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.
The characteristic harbor of Chittagong is an antiquated portal to the district of Bengal. It was noted as one of the biggest Eastern ports by the Roman geographer Ptolemy in the first century. As a major aspect of the rich marine convention of the Bengali individuals, beach front Chittagong was settled and governed by various territorial kingdoms. Middle Easterner brokers saw all around created money, managing an account and transporting in Chittagong amid the ninth century. Early cosmopolitan Muslims set up strength over the port as an entrepôt of oceanic trade,[5] while Arakan, Bengal and Tripura vied for control of the more extensive hinterland. Muslim triumph occurred in the fourteenth century. Chittagong turned into the key port of the Bengal Sultanate. It was utilized by a few driving medieval worldwide pioneers, including Ibn Battuta and Niccolò de' Conti. Afterward, Mrauk U, with help from Portuguese exchanging posts, picked up control of the territory. The Mughal success of Chittagong restored Bengali control and introduced period of soundness and exchange. The city was renamed as Islamabad. This differing history is reflected in the country Chittagonian lingo of Bengali, which has an almost half Arabic-birthplace vocabulary, and in addition Persian and Portuguese loanwords.[6]
Current Chittagong is a critical financial center point in South Asia. It is home to the Chittagong Stock Exchange and a significant number of Bangladesh's most seasoned and biggest organizations. The Port of Chittagong is the biggest worldwide seaport on the Bay of Bengal.[7] It is the biggest base of the Bangladesh Navy. Chittagong is presumed as a generally perfect city, yet at the same time goes up against significant calculated and financial issues. The bumpy hinterland of Chittagong is the most biodiverse locale in Bangladesh, with 2000 endemic plants and different basically imperiled untamed life.
History:
Early trade
Prehistory
Dutch VOC sends in Chittagong, 1702
Stone age fossils and instruments uncovered in the locale demonstrate that Chittagong has been possessed since Neolithic times.[13] It is an old port city, with a written history going back to the fourth century BC.[14] Its harbor was said in Ptolemy's reality outline the second century as a
standout amongst the most amazing ports in the East.[15] The area was a piece of the old Bengali Samatata and Harikela kingdoms. The Candra tradition once ruled the zone, and was trailed by the Varman administration and Deva line.
Visitors:
Chinese explorer Xuanzang depicted the zone as "a resting delight ascending from fog and water" in the seventh century.[16]
Middle Easterner Muslim brokers frequented Chittagong from the ninth century. In 1154, Al-Idrisi composed of a bustling delivery course among Basra and Chittagong, associating it with the Abbasid capital of Baghdad.[9]
Numerous Sufi teachers settled in Chittagong and assumed an instrumental job in the spread of Islam.[5]
Bangla:
Sultan Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah of Sonargaon vanquished Chittagong in 1340,[17] making it a piece of Sultanate of Bengal. It was the important sea passage to the kingdom, which was rumored as one of the wealthiest states in the Indian subcontinent. Medieval Chittagong was a center point for sea exchange with China, Sumatra, the Maldives, Sri Lanka, the Middle East and East Africa. It was striking for its medieval exchanges pearls,[18] silk, muslin, rice, bullion, steeds and black powder. The port was likewise a noteworthy shipbuilding center point.
Ibn Battuta visited the port city in 1345.[19] Niccolò de' Conti, from Venice, additionally visited around indistinguishable time from Battuta.[20] Chinese chief of naval operations Zheng He's fortune armada tied down in Chittagong amid supreme missions to the Sultanate of Bengal.[21][22
Education
See additionally: List of colleges in Chittagong, List of schools in Chittagong, and Education in BangladeshChittagong University of Engineering and Technology, one of the five open designing colleges in Bangladesh
College of Chittagong
The instruction arrangement of Chittagong is like that of rest of Bangladesh, with four principle types of tutoring. The general training framework, passed on in both Bangla and English variants, pursues the educational programs arranged by the National Curriculum and Textbook Board, some portion of the Ministry of Education.[103] Students are required to take four noteworthy board examinations: the Primary School Certificate (PSC), the Junior School Certificate (JSC), the Secondary School Certificate (SSC) and the Higher Secondary School Certificate (HSC) before moving onto advanced education. The Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Chittagong is in charge of controlling SSC and HSC examinations inside the city.[104][105] The Madrasah instruction framework is basically founded on Islamic investigations, however different subjects are additionally educated.Understudies are set up as indicated by the Dakhil and Alim examinations, which are controlled by the Bangladesh Madrasah Education Board and are identical to SSC and HSC examinations of the general training framework respectively.[106] There are likewise a few tuition based schools in the city, as a rule alluded to as English medium schools,[103] which pursue the General Certificate of Education.
The British Council administers the O Levels and A levels examinations, led two times per year, through the Cambridge International and Edexcel examination boards.[107][108] The Technical and Vocational training framework is represented by the Directorate of Technical Education (DTE) and pursue the educational programs arranged by Bangladesh Technical Education Board (BTEB).[109][110] Chittagong College, set up in 1869, is the most punctual present day foundation for advanced education in the city.[111] Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University is the main state funded college situated in Chittagong city. Chittagong Medical College is the main government medicinal school in Chittagong.
College of Chittagong is found 22 kilometers (14 miles) north and Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology is found 25 kilometers (16 miles) north of the Chittagong city. College of Chittagong, which was set up in 1966 is one of the biggest colleges in Bangladesh. Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, built up in 1968, is one of the five open designing colleges in Bangladesh and the main such college in the Chittagong Division.
The city additionally has a few other private colleges and restorative schools. The BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong Independent University (CIU), Asian University for Women, Port City International University, East Delta University, International Islamic University, Premier University, Southern University, University of Information Technology and Sciences and the University of Science and Technology Chittagong are among them. Chittagong has open, denominational and free schools. State funded schools, including pre-schools, essential and auxiliary schools and uncommon schools are directed by the Ministry of Education and Chittagong Education Board. Chittagong has legislative and non-administrative elementary schools, worldwide schools and English medium schools.
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